Opinion
Developed by a mobile app engineer after a bad homebuying experience, Real Happy is another good entry for listing agents wanting a new, productive way to market and coordinate showings
Opinion
Virtual home staging and image enhancement marketing continue to become powerful tools for listing agents. VSH Media's mobile app offers agents an good, affordable option but charges more for faster turnaround
Opinion
Based in London and rooted in retail, this video tour app gives users a simple, cool way to explore homes and also reduces the anxiety many agents have about creating listing videos
The 4-bedroom, 6-bathroom home includes notable features like a poolside cabana and a swing suspended from the living room ceiling
The Consumer Federation of America says dual agency should be banned, but double-ending should not be so long as agents discount their commission and act as facilitators
Opinion
Homes.com conducted a survey of 1,500 visitors that discovered 42% of buyers are willing to buy a home sight unseen. Here's why that number shouldn't surprise you
The former couple, who divorced in 2018, are selling the home for the same price they paid for it in 2015
Opinion
A real estate team can be the ultimate solution to providing consistent 5-star client experiences — if they're run effectively
Learn from Atlanta Realtor Glennda Baker how to find new followers, build new relationships and generate new leads that will ultimately convert to more sales
Over the past 20 years, listings have gone from a single photo in a newspaper to having dozens of images, interactive features and 3D tours. The only constant now is change
Opinion
Ribbon helps buyers buy before they sell, rescues bad deals and gives first-time buyers a way to win deals in what might be the industry's first hybrid fintech-proptech application
'The best agents have used multiple apps to manage their business and we're excited to see the deeper integrations making agents' lives more seamless,' said Instashowing founder
It's not just about submitting the highest offer. In today's crazy market, you need to stand out to both listing agents and sellers. Here are a few ways to sway them in your buyer's favor
Opinion
It’s a win-win when agents are able to have the freedom to be more focused, more fulfilled and more successful in the long term
MLS Now says the status caused 'unintended consequences' and has been the most common complaint among agents in the past year
Set yourself up to thrive no matter what the market does in the future. Here are a few fundamentals to focus on today — to create new highs for your business
The buyer, loanDepot founder Anthony Hsieh, is leasing the property back to the developer for the next 30 months
Opinion
In low-inventory, ultra-competitive markets like the one we're currently experiencing, buyers and their agents are coming up with a host of creative contract terms to help sway sellers
A bankruptcy court has been chopping the price of the iconic estate ever since owner Attorney Leonard Ross filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in late 2019
Amid a nationwide inventory shortage, suburban condominiums are a way for many first-time buyers to enter the market — if they can afford it
Most US listings don't include a virtual tour or floor plan and don't use best practices in professional photography, according to a new study released Thursday
The National Association of Realtors countered that the Consumer Federation of America's assertions are 'wrong and misleading' and 'commissions are very much negotiable'
Everything from newspapers to Facebook Ads can help agents score more listings in the midst of a housing shortage
The 3-acre island includes a 3-bed, 2.5-bath home, which has most recently been used as a profitable Airbnb
With its Theta line of compact, high-resolution cameras, Ricoh was one of the first major brands to introduce a product specifically for creating online real estate tours
From generating leads to preserving those connections, there's a lot you need to master as an agent. But never fear, dear rookie. Here, Inman contributor Jimmy Burgess will arm you with tips, tricks and time-tested strategies to build those lifetime relationships
Find out how Florida real estate agent Jonathan Spears surpassed $1B in career sales before the age of 30
Team leaders at Sotheby's and Keller Williams discussed steps their teams are taking to finish the summer strong at Inman Connect on Tuesday
REX alleges that the National Association of Realtors and Zillow use NAR's segregation rule to hinder competitors who don't comply with NAR's commission rule
National Association of Realtors: 'The Administration has publicly signaled a lack of understanding about the MLS system and the associated commission structure'
Agents misrepresent themselves and aspects of their transaction, sometimes without even knowing it, according to broker and ethics hearing officer Barbara Betts
When it comes to listings, what makes for a solid marketing strategy? From social media to video tours, we want you to chime in with your best advice and tips for newbie agents
82% of homeowners in 1000watt survey said they either were more likely to trust information from Zillow than from a real estate agent or to trust them about the same
What gives HomeTagz its character is its dynamic in-image content, visual metadata that empowers property photography to tell as well as show
Bright MLS looked at 442,829 home sales across its 6-state Mid-Atlantic footprint that sold over a 24-month period
Opinion
Here’s how to maximize your listing’s potential and capture more online views
David and Dana Luttway bought the townhouse in 2015 and undertook five-year gut renovation
Wisconsin-based company Rentable aims to hire new employees and keep up with rising demand after securing a new round of funding
The Estefans bought the house in 1993 for $1.84 million and listed it twice before
This week, we're focusing on the shortcomings, problems and question marks related to listing tech. What's lacking, and what are some of the main issues you're seeing today?
The 'Baywatch' actress owned the house since 2000 when she bought the property for $1.8 million
Knowing how to best leverage each form of web presence can make you that much smarter a marketer — and your seller that much more satisfied with your effort
COVID-19 took virtual staging from the wings and placed it center stage. Now that we have, through necessity, experienced digital staging firsthand, it will be a dominant factor going forward
Real estate data is an ecosystem, a cyclical, self-replicating entity connecting every transaction, and here are a few of the companies helping to forge this new reality
Opinion
The user experience does a good job of recognizing the critical nature of simplicity. That seems obvious, but solutions to the problem of how to help agents create a social presence vary across the industry, and this is one of the better ways to do it
Opinion
Find someone who's better than you and who understands how to manage clients, communicate with authority and compassion, and get deals done
For the right buyer, the almost impossibly narrow building offers a piece of Boston history and a surprising 1,165 square feet of space
Opinion
Buyers are stretching their budgets more than ever, and they want the best their money can buy. If sellers want to capitalize on their homesale, they’ll have to put in the work. Here are 10 seller must-do’s and why they matter to buyers
With a rise in vehicle ownership and a decline in available street parking, Manhattan investors are betting big on car condos as New Yorkers prepare to return to in-person work
Find out what’s hot in luxury homes from Mauricio Umansky, founder and CEO of The Agency in Los Angeles
A Knock mortgage is priced competitively, and agents and their clients have the benefit of working through a digital, two-way transaction solution
Opinion
To fully leverage IVT's floor plan tool, the user needs two additional vendors: one to produce a floor plan and one to produce the photos. Given what's out there today, this seems more than mildly inconvenient
Opinion
There are plenty of dismal writing efforts that somehow make it into the marketplace (sorry, it's true). So, if you're willing to admit you're part of the problem, Agently can help you look like a better writer to your sellers
After a Washington home lingered on the market for more than 200 days, Realtor Jonas Elber staged a photo shoot that included a knight wearing 100 pounds of steel armor
After a year of booming home price growth and bidding wars, the market is slowing down. 2 leading brokers share how to help sellers deal with the shift
This week, our readers share a couple of listing mistakes and bad habits that can hamper a property's ability to sell. Are you guilty of any of them?
Propertybase's flexible suite of front- and back-office features is expected to broadly enhance Lone Wolf's technology appeal to brokers and teams
Blimp Homes announced it has raised $200,000 as part of a new $1 million campaign to back Blockchain-based home sales app
When it comes to listing descriptions, some agents just miss the mark. This week, we're asking you to share the most cliched, worn-out phrases that you've been seeing in listing copy. What makes you cringe?
John Burns Real Estate Consulting's new Resale Housing Market Index report reveals how buyers are struggling to beat investors in a frenzied market
Homesellers using Opendoor can now complete their interior home inspection through uploaded videos and photos, according to a company announcement on Tuesday
What cliches in listing copy make you cringe and shake your head? Our readers share the most common stock phrases agents are using (but should probably stop) to entice buyers
The property dates to 1800 and sits on 2.2 acres of wooded land in Chester, New York
The penthouse of the storied Puck building in Manhattan's Nolita neighborhood comes with 5,100 square feet of outdoor space
Catch up quickly on the biggest stories of the week, as determined by Inman website visitors. Here's the Inman Top 5 for the week
Here are 99 ideas for blog topics that can reach real estate sellers. These content ideas are useful for all online mediums — don't limit yourself to blog posts
California Regional MLS, which boasts more than 108,000 subscribers, has instituted changes on how listing agents and brokers appear on online listing pages
Real estate brokerage giant says 'many listing search websites misdirect consumers by obfuscating display of a property’s listing firm'
The Tarpon Island price hike is in line with the 30% increase that Palm Beach property values have experienced between 2020 and 2021
In a 418-page petition filed Monday, NAR contends the antitrust regulator swiftly reopened its investigation into Clear Cooperation Policy and buyer broker commissions in July
An analysis of the association's petition offers a step-by-step timeline of the events leading up to the DOJ's launch of a new investigation of NAR rules
What can real estate agents do to grow their businesses? Here is Jimmy Burgess' 12-step plan for thriving through a market transition
The software that rolled out on the heels of Zillow's ShowingTime deal added features for buyer tours and submitting offers, and it launched single sign-on for MLS accounts
There are so many tools and strategies agents can take advantage of when it comes to listing videos. 'Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles' stars David Parnes and James Harris share their top tips to help you reach new audiences, get the word out to more buyers and find a new owner for your listing
Opinion
Some buyers think that a magic turn of phrase or one more marketing strategy will sell their home, but it's just not true. Much of the marketing magic happens upfront, so right-pricing and a solid rollout are essential
Opinion
Take action now to formulate your marketing plan for listings, and you will see your business grow
Lockbox access for non-Realtors and public displays of buyer broker commissions may be added to the list of proposals to be voted on at Realtors Conference and Expo in November
We’ve tapped into the top advice from Inman contributors to bring you this guide to getting the deal — from finding listings and getting your foot in the door for appointments to perfecting your pitch and winning the listing
Opinion
This platform benefits agents with unique luxury listings, investment properties, land and other real estate that doesn't get a lot of attention on the local MLS
NOLA Living Realty agent Tony Bertucci decided to spruce up a dilapidated listing with strange dolls
Partnering with Incenter allows Ideal Agent customers a more streamlined process for finding and leveraging professional service providers when buying and selling a home
After 4 short months, the 5,067-square-foot lower penthouse unit of Arte by Antonio Citterio in Miami is returning to market. Once again, cryptocurrency bids are accepted
Brokerage backed by Chris Christie and Jeb Bush says agent steering by commission should 'shock the conscience' of anyone interested in equity in housing
REX's general counsel Michael Toth says the discount brokerage pays buyer agents in at least 40% of its list-side transactions
In an open letter, Ryan alleges the National Association of Realtors' rules prevent hundreds of thousands of Americans from attaining homeownership. He called on NAR to repeal the rules at its Realtors Conference and Expo in San Diego in November
Despite cities taking a back seat to vacation markets in 2021, major transactions made headlines across New York, Miami and Los Angeles
Opinion
It’s a bad move for your clients, the buyer’s agent and your career. Here's why
Developer Todd Michael Glaser and partner Nelson Gonzalez made nearly $5M in profit on the property in just a few months
From mansions in Palm Beach, Florida, and Malibu, California, to an estate on Hawaii's Big Island, here are the most expensive beach home sales to take place in 2021
Opinion
Do what the top producers do and avoid the mistakes that can keep you from becoming the best agent you can possibly be
Opinion
The team at HomeSmart makes it a priority to stay on top of what the HomeSnaps and Zillows of the world are up to, as should any savvy proptech team trying to know what consumers are looking for
With news of Tesla bringing its headquarters to Austin and a factory nearing its opening, agents are advising sellers nearby to think big
The trade group will weigh whether to require multiple listing services to allow agents and brokers to display buyer agent compensation, but it won't consider change to lockbox policy
Homesellers have been pushing list prices to new heights, but a report released Thursday by OJO Labs indicates buyers aren't as eager to shell out for the pricier pads
With high prices come high expectations, so as a luxury real estate agent, you have to always bring your A-game and provide the highest level of service to your clients
In court filings, regulator says rules 'restrict how real estate agents can market properties, dictate how real estate commissions are set, and impede commission negotiations'
Agents and brokers can now use the natural language processing feature to personalize listing marketing
'We’re stepping forward arm-in-arm with our broker partners to provide what the industry needs next,' Inside Real Estate CEO Joe Skousen told Inman
InstaOffers helps reduce the confusion of multiple offer submission channels that stems from the industry having no single standard for accepting and considering offers
5 housing experts explain how pocket listings impact the struggle for equity and inclusion in US housing stock, creating de facto segregation
RJ Jones, head of Keller Offers, told Inman Connect Las Vegas that the increase in iBuyers and alternative transaction models are driving professionalism and give the industry a lot to look forward to
Buyer agents who sell a Pacaso home share now received a bonus of 500 restricted stock options in addition to a 3% commission
This sprawling 15-bedroom mansion outside of Orlando, Florida, may look like the typical multimillion dollar home from the outside, but it conceals an extensive 'Star Wars'-themed loft area within
By executing these seven steps, you'll be top-of-mind for your targeted homeowners, and you will generate more listings
Opinion
Nila June is software that uses property information to quickly write long- and short-form property descriptions for agents
The Los Angeles broker recently purchased a roughly 13,000-square-foot mansion in Newport Beach, an area in which he'll be spending a lot more time thanks to a new spinoff of his popular Netflix series
Some MLSs are 'strongly opposed' to requiring the display of listing agents in addition to listing brokerages
A recent survey of thousands of buyers and sellers found they overwhelmingly work with agents, even as their attitudes have shifted
Real estate franchisor says giving the listing brokerage equal billing would cause consumer confusion
A requirement to display listing firm contact information 'at least as prominently as any other contact information' was stricken from the proposal, which passed on Saturday
Professional Standards Committee passes case interpretation after intense debate
After putting San Francisco home on market without the help of an agent, the SpaceX CEO relented, tapping Mary and Brent Gullixson of Compass to sell last property in his portfolio
Want to stand out from the competition and win the listing? To maximize the probability that you will get the listing, include these strategies in your marketing plan. The best part? They'll cost you absolutely nothing
Here's how to illustrate to potential sellers that you're the best agent to sell their home — through solid marketing, a top-notch presentation and your personal expertise on the market right now
Lincoln Riley, the newly announced University of Southern California head football coach, is seeking buyers for his two Oklahoma residences, contrary to rumors that said the school bought his homes as part of a hiring deal
Anthony Hitt, CEO of Engel & Völkers Americas, explains why investing in listings, evoking a culture of leadership and building reserves are crucial when planning for the new year
There's a lot more to marketing a listing than just putting it in the MLS — especially when it comes to luxury properties
Most agents won't even bother with circle dialing because they have convinced themselves that it is not worth the effort. Which is exactly why you should jump in on the opportunity. Here are 4 reasons to pick up the phone now
Opinion
When handled correctly, attending an open house hosted by the seller of a For Sale By Owner listing can translate into solid lead. Here's what you should — and should not — say to win them over
Murdoch and wife, Jerry Murdoch, bought the 340,000-acre working Montana ranch from Matador Cattle Co., a subsidiary of Koch Industries, the Wall Street Journal reported
Sellers that highlight their home's coziest winter features can stand out in what is traditionally considered a slower time for sales, according to a new analysis from Zillow released Monday
Real estate's premier luxury agent argues that the Clear Cooperation Policy is 'authoritarian' and accomplishes the opposite of its stated intent in an exclusive interview with Inman
2021 came with Realtor misbehavior, rising legal and regulatory scrutiny and MLSs becoming tech investors after Zillow's acquisition of ShowingTime
Opinion
ShowingSmart is a software solution for scheduling showings and arranging buyer tours developed for members of the Houston Association of Realtors
From buyers who tell the truth to agents who actually pick up the phone and sellers who understand the Zestimate is bunk, here's what Realtors would really love to see under the tree
Most homeowners who forego an agent are selling to someone they know, leaving a small group that fends for themselves on the open market, several new reports reveal
2021's legacy to proptech will be a major jump in the number of technology products developed to help agents show homes
In a recent webinar, Charles Curry of Authorify offered tips for agents angling for those enticing but tricky 'for sale by owner' listings
Listing agents in Oregon now have to comply with a new ban on homebuyer love letters in the state. However, a lawsuit by the libertarian Pacific Legal Foundation seeks to undo it
Agents need to write listing descriptions for an array of marketing outlets these days. Here are a few tips on making property look better to buyers
One Sotheby's International Realty is preparing to sell an entirely virtual metaverse mansion, but it comes with a curveball: an 11,000-square-foot, brick-and-mortar doppelgänger in Miami
On Thursday, Realogy Brokerage Group CEO M. Ryan Gorman shared the company's stance on the National Association of Realtors' Participation Rule, saying, 'There’s no reason why an offer of compensation needs to be a mandatory requirement for a home to be listed in the MLS .' Mostly, real estate agents disagreed
Agents remain optimistic 2 years into the pandemic as the market waits to see who breaks first: buyers or sellers. Buyers, meanwhile, continue to pay record prices. Will the surge continue?
In honor of agents' tenacity during the pandemic, RE/MAX launched on Tuesday a new ad campaign that highlights all the hard work it takes to make consumers' dreams come true
Ask Doss is an app for agent advice and home search, and now the company is offering a slew of new professional services to the industry, including a brokerage
We knew you were wondering, so we put together this personality quiz to let you know your reality TV doppelgänger
Compass announced on Thursday it was adding Indianapolis-based Gallery of Homes and its team, which closed 2021 with 182 homes sold and more than $43M in sales volume
The real estate industry is becoming more competitive, with NAR enrolling a record number of agents in 2021 and inventory dipping below 1M. Four brokers share how to survive choppy waters
On CoStar: 'Eventually the playbook is to charge for paid inclusion of listings and to raise prices over time as people become more and more reliant on CoStar'
Inman reached out to more than 200 of the country's top agents by transaction sides and sales volume and asked 1 simple question: What's your advice for agents launching careers in 2022?
The discount brokerage is now a member of 6 multiple listing services, but says it's still avoiding 'traditional' agent fees by offering a low commission when it submits listings
Filling out a contract, or making a needed change, requires precision and expertise. Here are 19 ways to ensure you're dotting all the i's and crossing all the t's
'Buyers are willing to pay more for a ready-to-live-in home,' says Michael Alladawi, co-founder of Revive
Publicity around celebrities buying and selling homes has long been a given. That doesn't mean they like it. Agents told Inman that protecting clients' privacy has become a full-time job
Some agents use the iBuying leader as a tool to help clients find the best path for their needs. Here’s how to get started
In this wild market, some agents will do anything for a deal. We asked you to share the shadiest behavior you've seen on the part of buyers (and their agents)
Jordan Levine, the chief economist for the California Association of Realtors, delivers mixed forecast despite good economic outlook during an Inman Connect Now session Thursday
Show your sellers you mean business when it comes to getting their listing the exposure needed for a successful sale using these ideas from Million Dollar Listing LA stars
Hyland represented some of the most recognizable properties in the US and along the way helped redefine what it means to be a real estate agent
Bennett Hirsch and Nick Sandler, top-performing agents with The Agency, reveal what went into sales at 2420 Glendower Avenue in Los Feliz and 4091 Deervale Drive in Sherman Oaks
Redfin's iBuyer, RedfinNow, forgoes incentives for agents but offers a dedicated customer service team and local title options. Here’s how to get started
Describing a space in a way that appeals to all buyers isn’t ‘politically correct,’ it’s the law (and it’s just good business)
The 105,000-square-foot mega-mansion is set for auction after a decade of struggles to complete and sell the property, including a failed attempt to turn the property into a crypto currency
Opinion
Real estate professionals can — and should — help FSBOs and expireds make the most informed decisions about their real estate best interests
If the newly constructed Woodside estate sells for its list price, or anything close to that amount, the sale would decimate the current home price record for the area, which is $43.5M
Opinion
Overcome the client's uncertainty and lead them toward the best decision for their circumstances. Here's how to reach out to on-the-fence prospects, earn their trust and snag the client for life
Trade group calls out broker Grady Hillis of Arizona for 'repetitive and confusing allegations' in nearly 1,300-page amended complaint, which seeks $1.18B in punitive damages
The median home-sale price rose to an all-time high of $363,975 in February, and Russia’s war on Ukraine is partially to blame, a new Redfin report says
A U.S. district judge agreed these letters can lead to discrimination, but said the state law goes too far in restricting free speech
The first legal 'love letters' have started to trickle in after Oregon's ban was halted last week. But so far, buyers are taking it slow
Ahead of Inman Connect New York, The Agency Principal Santiago Arana talks about the mistakes new agents make and how he made his way into the luxury real estate niche
An effort to ban possibly discriminatory homebuyer love letters fell short in the Washington State Legislature, but could come back next year
The weeks leading up to the spring homebuying season have coincided with an uptick in open house activity unseen since before the pandemic, real estate agents told Inman
StreetEasy announced on Monday that it would ban listings — not agents — who don't follow the platform's 24-hour listing policy. Agents are saying the change isn't enough
Are you ready to grow your real estate business? Connect with the smartest real estate pros and learn their secrets at ICNY
Months after buying a separate, record-shattering home down the street for $177M, Marc Andreessen and his wife Laura Arrillaga-Andreessen have purchased a second Escondido Beach home
Here, Inman has created an extensive resource for ways to find inventory — from old-school methods to more creative approaches — when it seems like there's nothing left on the shelves
A new class of tech company is responding to the home inventory shortage by taking sellers to the edge of the MLS — and sometimes beyond — with off-market appeals and more
The app, called Revive Home, allows all parties involved in the renovations to communicate via direct chat, insert renovation updates and store critical documents
Brokerages and other real estate companies added 6,300 new jobs in March, a rate of payroll growth that exceeded that of the U.S. at large
Opinion
Remember, when you're cold-calling, you're serving — not selling. Here are 3 concepts and 6 dialogues that can help you communicate more effectively
Realtor.com's latest housing report revealed 64% of homesellers plan to list their homes by October. Millennials are primed to lead the charge as they ditch starter homes for bigger abodes
A new National Association of Realtors study details remodeling projects that brought the most joy and best returns on investment. Can you guess what they are? Take Inman's quiz to find out
The expanded program and a new buy-before-you-sell offer will be unveiled in Colorado and Utah in the next 2 weeks, followed by Arizona, Nevada and Idaho, executives told Inman exclusively
Opinion
In today's wild market, there are plenty of bad ideas on both sides of the buyer/seller equation. Here's how to correct those misconceptions so that everyone can get what they want
As oral arguments began Monday in the Sitzer federal commission case, plaintiffs questioned the role of buyer agents, what a world without NAR's commission policy would look like, and why they believe Keller is leading an antitrust conspiracy
M. Ryan Gorman, Coldwell Banker Real Estate CEO, and Brian Donnellan, CEO of Bright MLS, told an Inman Connect New York audience why the industry hasn't reached the 'latte vision' yet
Three-judge panel concludes trade group must face allegations that the Clear Cooperation Policy was part of a group boycott to prevent The PLS from competing with multiple listing services
Investors Gone Wild Realty broker Crystal Ball is advertising her 'wonderfully rehabbed ex-husband up for grabs as tenant' at the home she's listing at 3819 Quail St. in Panama City, Florida
Unlike 2 federal cases that claim seller costs are inflated by commission sharing, New Jersey homebuyer's lawsuit argued that buyers are the ones unfairly impacted
Opinion
Stop trying to sell homeowners on selling their homes. Instead, offer value with this simple, proven technique for listing lead gen
Opinion
Providing creative solutions to buyers and sellers, such as leasebacks, is a tangible way to add value for clients and create opportunities
Computer vision, a standout feature of Geniusprice, is a technology enabling comparisons of properties' interior features by reading image metadata and finding specific items and finishes
Opinion
Whether you've noticed or not, the market has already started to shift. Those who embrace the new reality and effectively coach their clients will come out ahead
As of the auction's closing bid on Monday, celebrity botox doctor Alex Khadavi's Bel Air mansion had gone for $46.76M, below the $50M reserve price set by bankruptcy courts
Opinion
It can be easy to get caught up in the momentum of the market and forget the person who is operating on your behalf is working tirelessly to do so
The Silicon Valley home where a young Mark Zuckerberg, Dustin Moskovitz and Sean Parker gave birth to the social media network — now known as Meta — has listed for $5.3M
Opinion
Only a small percentage of agents can answer these ten questions about their listings. Are you one of the select few who can?
Listing agents using Zillow 3D Home tours no longer have to manually add their tours to Redfin. This is the second partnership between the 2 real estate search portal rivals since 2019
Paul Benson of Engel & Völkers represented both Weiner and the seller — development company Iluminus Group — which was founded by David and Joe Ostrander, in the spec home deal
Opinion
Clients tell you so much, not only with what they say but how they decorate, how they interact with each other and what they don’t say. If you’re not actively listening and asking questions from the beginning, it will come back to bite you later in the process.
Another major proptech player recognizes that agents need every advantage they can muster when competing for listings in a market unfit for producing them